So when you draw a card, your Sphinx's Tutelage triggers, causing your opponent to mill two, then repeat if the two cardsare nonlands that share a color. As your opponent only has Nexus of Fate left in their deck, they will mill all four. With no cards left to mill the Sphinx's Tutelage finishes resolving, and your opponent has four Nexus of Fate abilities to put on the stack. All four Nexus will be shuffled into their library, one by one. So the end result is your opponent still has four cards left in their library, all of them being Nexus of Fate.
Note - Players only lose the game when they try to DRAW from an empty library, not when their library becomes empty. At no point in the above did your opponent try to draw a card, so the game continues.
Hope that helps explain things for you.
This is incorrect. Nexus of Fate does not have a triggered ability, it has a replacement effect that replaces the cards being put into the graveyard and shuffled instead. So for this scenario the tutelage's trigger would attempt to put the two Nexus of Fate into the graveyard, instead they'd get shuffled into the library. Since they share a color it would repeat the process. Since this scenario causes a loop to occur that neither play can interrupt the game ends in a draw.
1) No that won't work. The ability triggers at the beginning of the upkeep if you have no cards in hand. If the opponent casts the trickster after that the Asylum Visitor will indeed lose all of it's abilities, but it won't matter since the trigger is already on the stack and will resolve (assuming you still have no cards in hand) normally.
2) You would indeed, since after the first draw your opponent would still have no cards in hand the condition is still true, so you'd get your second draw.
Edit - Misread second question triggering on opponents turn.
During your upkeep you can put Triggered abilities on the stack in any order you wish. So at the beginning of your upkeep put NDE trigger on the stack, then put Arena's ability on the stack. The stack resolves last in, first out. So Arena triggers, you lose 1 life then NDE triggers, and if you are at 1 you win.
With Caves it's similar, you put NDE trigger on the stack, then in response tap Caves for colored mana and take one damage, then NDE resolves, and if you are at 1, you win.
This is incorrect. Near-Death Experience has an intervening 'if' clause, which means that condition must be true in order for the ability to trigger and also be true when it resolves. When upkeep begins the player isn't at 1 life so the condition isn't true and Near-Death Experience's ability will not trigger.
It will deal infect damage so your opponents will get poison counters. The reason this is the case is when a spell or ability needs information from an object, and that object is no longer in the zone it's expected to be in it will use the last known information of that object as it last existed in that zone. So Slimefoot had infect when it was last on the battlefield, so the damage from its triggers will be infect damage.
Your opponent is wrong. A creature with 0 toughness is not put into the graveyard until state based actions are performed. That happens the next time a player gets priority, when you go to cast Nameless Inversion the first step of casting is to put it on the stack, which at that point will make Goyf's toughness 0. However players don't receive priority during the process of casting a spell, before a player does the spell must be successfully cast and that includes choosing targets. So you can indeed target they Goyf, when the spell is cast state based actions are performed and the Goyf goes to the graveyard, the spell will be removed from the stack when it tries to resolve for having an illegal target then.
You can not do what you want. Blockers are declared all at once and players won't have priority during this process. So after you block with the crusader, by the time you have priority to cast path to exile it will be too late to block with anything else.
In this scenario, although a color is chosen for Ward Sliver
Correction, if humility is on the battlefield when the Ward Sliver would enter they would not get to name a color. This is because you apply static abilities already in effect that would apply to the permanent to determine if and how the replacement effect would apply. Since Humility removes all abilities from creatures the Ward Sliver would not have the ability that chooses a color on the battlefield, therefore it does not apply as it's entering.
If what your friend is trying to do is activate Chromatic Sphere's ability then using Krark-Clan Ironworks mana ability and sacrificing the Chromatic Sphere, then no that isn't possible. Part of the cost of Chromatic Sphere is to sacrifice it as a payment, if you've already sacrificed it to Krark Clan's ability then you won't be able to pay Chromatic Sphere's cost. So no they can't get 2 and draw a card off of Sphere in that scenario.
You are incorrect about exile and the graveyard. Permanents only exist on the battlefield, in other zones they would be permanent cards. So only non-land permanents on the battlefield are legal for Repeal to target.
heroic triggers when phlanx leader is the target of a spell you cast. charge doesn't actually "target" phalanx leader. I think it technically targets you. so no, it would not trigger heroic.
dictate also targets you and not phalanx, but i'm not sure if either of these are actually targeting you, or if its just a static ability with no target? I can tell you though, is that neither charge or dictate would trigger your phalanx leader.
Neither Charge or Dictate targets anything. They do not target the player, they simply give the player who cast it the effect. In this case that players creatures get buffs, but just because it states the player's creatures get those buffs does not mean it targets the player.
Nothing in the rules about text-changing effects says that you have to choose a color word that's actually in the text of the card to change. So you can change all instances of a word that isn't there. Despite it doing nothing at first, that continuous effect that you set is there. If the word you chose later starts being there, then the effect applies. Dependency would indeed apply here, this interaction qualifies.
I have to disagree, there is no dependency. The effect from the first Mind Bend has already applied to the Knight, so it's not dependent on the second Mind Bend to apply.
This is similar to the interaction of Olivia Voldaren and Gideon Jura. If Olivia turns an animated Gideon into a vampire, then does nothing else that turn so Gideon stops being a creature. The next time Gideon is animated it won't be a vampire, even though Olivia's effect is still being applied. You would think that Olivia's effect would be dependent on Gideon being a creature, but because the effect was from a resolving spell or ability it will continue to apply even when Gideon is no longer a creature so it's not dependent on Gideon being a creature. So no dependency.
The example above is the same way, as I stated the first effect has already applied and will continue to do so regardless on whether another Mind Bend is cast. So timestamp is applied and the White Knight has protection from blue, not green.
1) Correct, if you copy the token or create another token by populating it will not be exiled. Exiling is a part of the effect from the ability that created it, and it only exiles the object it created. That is not a copiable value of the token.
2) Again correct, doubling season simply makes an additional token but its the same effect that is creating that token so both tokens will be exiled.
Also something else makes this impossible too, the cost of the ability tells you to exile a creature card from the graveyard. Tokens are not cards, so it wouldn't be legal anyways.
Close, but when it ticks up it only puts a single counter on it making 3 counters. The reason is because putting a counter on at the beginning of your main phase is a turn based action and not an effect, since it's not an effect the counter wouldn't be doubled.
This is incorrect. Nexus of Fate does not have a triggered ability, it has a replacement effect that replaces the cards being put into the graveyard and shuffled instead. So for this scenario the tutelage's trigger would attempt to put the two Nexus of Fate into the graveyard, instead they'd get shuffled into the library. Since they share a color it would repeat the process. Since this scenario causes a loop to occur that neither play can interrupt the game ends in a draw.
2) You would indeed, since after the first draw your opponent would still have no cards in hand the condition is still true, so you'd get your second draw.
Edit - Misread second question triggering on opponents turn.
This is incorrect. Near-Death Experience has an intervening 'if' clause, which means that condition must be true in order for the ability to trigger and also be true when it resolves. When upkeep begins the player isn't at 1 life so the condition isn't true and Near-Death Experience's ability will not trigger.
Correction, if humility is on the battlefield when the Ward Sliver would enter they would not get to name a color. This is because you apply static abilities already in effect that would apply to the permanent to determine if and how the replacement effect would apply. Since Humility removes all abilities from creatures the Ward Sliver would not have the ability that chooses a color on the battlefield, therefore it does not apply as it's entering.
Neither Charge or Dictate targets anything. They do not target the player, they simply give the player who cast it the effect. In this case that players creatures get buffs, but just because it states the player's creatures get those buffs does not mean it targets the player.
I have to disagree, there is no dependency. The effect from the first Mind Bend has already applied to the Knight, so it's not dependent on the second Mind Bend to apply.
This is similar to the interaction of Olivia Voldaren and Gideon Jura. If Olivia turns an animated Gideon into a vampire, then does nothing else that turn so Gideon stops being a creature. The next time Gideon is animated it won't be a vampire, even though Olivia's effect is still being applied. You would think that Olivia's effect would be dependent on Gideon being a creature, but because the effect was from a resolving spell or ability it will continue to apply even when Gideon is no longer a creature so it's not dependent on Gideon being a creature. So no dependency.
The example above is the same way, as I stated the first effect has already applied and will continue to do so regardless on whether another Mind Bend is cast. So timestamp is applied and the White Knight has protection from blue, not green.
2) Again correct, doubling season simply makes an additional token but its the same effect that is creating that token so both tokens will be exiled.