No. What you have done, according to the tournament rules, is propose a shortcut in which you pass priority until your opponent has priority during the beginning of combat step. If your opponent then performs an action, he is assumed to be doing so during that step. Therefore, you are already in your combat phase and cannot play a land before declaring attackers.
No, it isn't. As has already been stated in this thread, when a player plays a spell or ability, that player is the one that gets priority first, regardless of whether he's the active player.
I can agree with the general notion that hexproof is overused; however, it isn't better in every situation (for example, when your opponent uses Mindslaver), so dullness aside, I'd rather not have hexproof on all my creatures all the time
The number of cases in which Hexproof might be a greater liability than shroud are, in my opinion, far outweighed by the number of cases where Hexproof is better.
Whenever an ability triggers while a spell is resolving, that ability waits until the spell is completely finished resolving before it goes onto the stack.
wondering if you could clear another issue on the matter the Mogg Maniac is 1 toughness how does it do the whole 13 dmg?
Because Shivan Meteor does what it says it does. It deals 13 damage to the target creature, not "13 damage or damage equal to the creature's toughness, whichever is less".
Toughness simply determines when a creature has taken lethal damage; it is not an absolute cap on the amount of damage that can be dealt to that creature at once.
silex. There is no solid proof that its shepard at the end of the destroy ending.
There's also no particular reason to suspect it would be anyone else. The N7 dog tags are clearly visible, so if it's not Shepard, it's some other N7 that we've probably never met over the course of 3 games, or it's someone else who found Shepard's dog tags.
Given that a high readiness rating is required to even see that part of the ending, it just doesn't make sense that it would be anyone else.
How about if the BSZ was insufficient to kill the Pro Black creature? Like a 5/5 Pro Black creature and the opponent played BSZ for 4, will the 5/5 remain a 1/1 creature for the rest of its natural life or will it shrug off the -4/-4 counters placed on it by BSZ at a later stage of the turn?
Whether the BSZ is for enough to put the creature at 0 toughness or not is completely irrelevant. Nothing in the rules for Protection says that it can't have counters placed on it by a source with that characteristic.
As the other two posters have said, this is functionally identical to a triggered ability that simply sacrifices the creature and has an additional effect. There is no reason to introduce all the procedural baggage involved with double-faced cards for this.
There is nothing in any official document addressing this issue one way or the other. It's pretty much up to the staff of that particular tournament, which means the only way you're going to get a useful answer is to talk to your judge/TO.
I'm just not sure how to further their tolerance or understanding.
The first thing you should do is come to terms with the fact that doing so may not be possible. That person has to want to have his tolerance or understanding furthered. If he doesn't, trying to force such a tolerance on him may make things even worse.
No, it isn't. As has already been stated in this thread, when a player plays a spell or ability, that player is the one that gets priority first, regardless of whether he's the active player.
The number of cases in which Hexproof might be a greater liability than shroud are, in my opinion, far outweighed by the number of cases where Hexproof is better.
Yes. The creature dealt 2 damage so you gain 2 life.
Because Shivan Meteor does what it says it does. It deals 13 damage to the target creature, not "13 damage or damage equal to the creature's toughness, whichever is less".
Toughness simply determines when a creature has taken lethal damage; it is not an absolute cap on the amount of damage that can be dealt to that creature at once.
There's also no particular reason to suspect it would be anyone else. The N7 dog tags are clearly visible, so if it's not Shepard, it's some other N7 that we've probably never met over the course of 3 games, or it's someone else who found Shepard's dog tags.
Given that a high readiness rating is required to even see that part of the ending, it just doesn't make sense that it would be anyone else.
No, because Day of Judgment doesn't do any of the things protection works against, as parinoid listed in his post.
Whether the BSZ is for enough to put the creature at 0 toughness or not is completely irrelevant. Nothing in the rules for Protection says that it can't have counters placed on it by a source with that characteristic.
The first thing you should do is come to terms with the fact that doing so may not be possible. That person has to want to have his tolerance or understanding furthered. If he doesn't, trying to force such a tolerance on him may make things even worse.
Showing your hand to your opponent is explicitly mentioned in the tournament rules as not being a violation.
http://forums.mtgsalvation.com/showthread.php?t=404735
http://forums.mtgsalvation.com/showthread.php?t=404046
http://forums.mtgsalvation.com/showthread.php?t=403996
tl;dr The rules for posting in Standard Competitive changed.