This combo fails notably becauseNote that Volrath's Shapeshifter's effect giving it "the full text" of a given card (as its Oracle text says [C.R. 108.1]) is a text-changing effect, not a copy effect (C.R. 612.5). (The effect has to be a text-changing effect because its use of the word "your" means it relies on who controls Volrath's Shapeshifter [C.R. 109.5, 613.1b-c, 613.1].) Because it's a text-changing effect, the "full text" acquired this way isn't part of Volrath's Shapeshifter's copiable values and so can't be copied by copy effects such as those found in Body Double or Renegade Doppelganger (C.R. 706.2). And once Protean Hulk is no longer the top card of its controller's graveyard (whether because of a sacrifice [C.R. 701.16a] or otherwise), Volrath's Shapeshifter will have the "full text" of the new top card (if any), rather than the "full text" of Protean Hulk, provided the new top card is a creature card.
EDIT: Correctness edit after comment 3 was posted.
EDIT (Jan. 16, 2019): Correctness edit.
So, for clarification, Player 2, 3, 4, or 5 can Cancel my Fumigate when it comes to them. Could Player 2 draw a cancel, then play it, when Brainstorm resolves?
Players can cast any instant spell (including Cancel) in response to Fumigate (before Fumigate resolves), even if they just drew the card needed to cast that spell due to another spell (such as Brainstorm) that was cast in response to Fumigate.
Also, dredge is a static ability with a replacement effect (it's not a triggered ability because its expanded text doesn't include "when", "whenever", or "at") (C.R. 604.1, 604.2, 614.1a, 702.51a, 603.1).
The thing to remember is that spells and abilities on the stack resolve one at a time, not all at once, and only the top spell or ability resolves this way (C.R. 116.4). To answer your questions:
1. Players 4 and 5 have multiple opportunities here to cast an instant spell in response to Fumigate before it resolves. Either player can do so when priority passes to that player. And they will eventually get priority to cast an instant spell before any spell or ability (such as Brainstorm, Fumigate, or Golgari Brownscale's first ability) can resolve (C.R. 116.3d, 116.4, 116.1a).
2. Golgari Brownscale's first ability is a triggered ability. Although that ability will trigger when its condition is met, it won't do anything right away (C.R. 603.2); rather, like most other triggered abilities, it goes on the stack and all players can "respond" to it as they can to spells and most activated abilities (C.R. 603.3, 116.7).
3. You can cast Inspiring Call or any other instant spell in response to Fumigate (C.R. 116.7, 116.1a). Assuming you had priority before casting Fumigate, you can even cast Inspiring Call right after you cast Fumigate (C.R. 601.2i, 116.1a) — however, you have to do so without knowing whether an opponent or any other player will cast an instant spell (such as Brainstorm) or activate an ability (such as Tezzeret's Simulacrum's ability) in response to Fumigate or Inspiring Call (C.R. 116.1a-b, 116.7). That's because if you pass right after casting Fumigate, then every other player can decide to pass as well, resulting in Fumigate resolving and thus leaving the stack (C.R. 116.4, 116.3d; C.R. 608.2, especially 608.2k). See also this thread and this thread.
Isn't that the definition of a replacement effect?
Replacement effects are defined in C.R. 614.1. However, wither, infect, and lifelink are merely abilities that change how damage is dealt; it's the existence of those abilities, not the existence of a particular effect such as a replacement effect, that affects the nature of the damage (C.R. 119.3; see also this thread); this is what distinguishes those three abilities from continuous effects from static abilities, even if they might do the same thing as wither, infect, or lifelink. As regards deathtouch's creature destruction, that is due to a state-based action that works off the existence of the deathtouch ability, not the existence of an effect (C.R. 704.5h).
No. Any damage you redirect goes to the one target you chose.
The 'two different recipients' ruling refers to two cards of yours which could receive damage from one same source.
You mean 2 for the creature or 2 for the player chosen, right? So it can’t be 1 for a player and 1 for a creature, correct?
It follows from that ruling that if the source you chose would deal 1 damage each to two or more permanents you control (or to you and one or more permanents you control), you have to have that source deal exactly 2 damage instead to the target (or as much as possible), but you choose which among you and/or permanents you control (as the case may be) to "redirect" that damage from. Take the following scenario:
Pestilence is on the battlefield and you control three creatures: Creature A, Creature B, and Creature C.
You cast Harm's Way targeting your opponent.
All players pass, then Harm's Way resolves. You choose Pestilence as the source for Harm's Way.
Pestilence's second ability is activated.
All players pass, then the Pestilence ability resolves. Pestilence would deal 1 damage to "each creature and each player". However, exactly 2 damage (or as much as possible) from Pestilence that would be dealt to you and/or the creatures you control is dealt to your opponent, but you choose how that damage is "redirected" this way (C.R. 616.1). For example, you can choose, among other possibilities, that—
– 1 damage that Pestilence would each deal to you and to Creature A,
– 1 damage that Pestilence would each deal to Creature A and to Creature B, or
– 1 damage that Pestilence would each deal to you and to Creature C,
is dealt instead to your opponent. However, you can't choose, for example, that all the damage Pestilence would deal to Creatures A, B, and C is dealt to your opponent instead.
In the rulings page on Gatherer for Harm's Way it’s said that “You choose which 2 damage is redirected. If you like, you can choose to redirect 1 damage that would be dealt by the chosen source to each of two different recipients.”
Read the text you cited as "You choose which 2 damage is redirected. If you like, you can choose to redirect to the target 1 damage that would otherwise be dealt to each of two different recipients by the chosen source." The ruling in question applies, moreover, only if "the chosen source would simultaneously deal damage to multiple permanents you control ... or to you and at least one permanent you control". Say, for example, Harm's Way resolves and Pestilence is chosen. Assume Pestilence hasn't dealt damage yet this turn. Then when Pestilence's activated ability resolves and would deal 1 damage each to you and at least one creature you control, you may choose separately—
whether the 1 damage Pestilence would deal to you is dealt to the target instead, and
for each creature you control, whether the 1 damage Pestilence would deal to that creature is dealt to the target instead,
but exactly 2 damage if possible, and not more than 2, has to be dealt instead to the target this way (see also C.R. 615.7, which applies to prevention effects).
Even if they counter the Lightning Strike though, the copy from Expansion // Explosion is still on the stack as a pseudo Strike right? It will resolve separately and they can counter the copy if they want as well?
Expansion or the original Lightning Strike can be countered before the former resolves and copies the latter. In either case, no copy of Lightning Strike will be made (and if Lightning Strike is countered, this is especially because Expansion will then have its only target illegal and fail to resolve [C.R. 601.2b]) (C.R. 701.5a). However, after Expansion copies Lightning Strike, both the original and its copy will exist as separate spells (under C.R. 706.10, a copy of a spell is itself a spell).
You can cast Expansion right after you cast Lightning Strike (C.R. 601.2i, 116.1a, 708.3). However, you have to do so without knowing whether an opponent or any other player will cast an instant spell (including, say, Cancel) or activate an ability in response to Lightning Strike or Expansion (C.R. 116.1a-b, 116.7). That's because if you pass right after casting Lightning Strike, then every other player can decide to pass as well, resulting in Lightning Strike resolving and thus leaving the stack (C.R. 116.4, 116.3d; C.R. 608.2, especially 608.2k). See also this thread and this thread.
After Sudden Spoiling resolves, creatures controlled by the targeted player will lose all abilities, including those granted by Akroma's Memorial and True Conviction (C.R. 613.1f, 613.6, 613.7), and have base power and toughness 0/2 (C.R. 613.1f, 613.3b). As a result, for example, attacking or blocking creatures among them won't assign damage twice during the combat phase, since they won't have double strike (review C.R. 702.4b).
Neither Nantuko Husk's ability nor Voracious Null's ability has T in its cost (review C.R. 107.5), and neither ability otherwise requires a permanent to be untapped as part of activating them, so they can be activated regardless of whether their source is tapped or untapped.
However, the same creature can't be sacrificed more than once — sacrificing a creature sends it to the graveyard (C.R. 701.16a). Moreover, you can't satisfy the costs of more than one ability (for example, the abilities of two different Nantuko Husks) by sacrificing just one creature (C.R. 117.10; see also C.R. 117.3). Even so, the creature returned to the battlefield with the ability granted by Supernatural Stamina will be different from the one that left as far as the game is concerned (C.R. 400.7), so that—
the returning creature won't have the ability that spell granted to the creature that left, but
you can sacrifice the returning creature to pay for Nantuko Husk's ability, for example.
So am I able to copy Harrow? With the 2 lands that come into play from Harrow?
When you cast Harrow, Riku's first ability will trigger, go on the stack above Harrow, and get to resolve before Harrow (C.R. 603.3, 405.2, 116.4). This means that no new lands will have entered the battlefield yet due to Harrow by the time you decide whether to pay UR to copy Harrow (when the Riku ability resolves).
As you cast Harrow, you must sacrifice a land and pay 2G to pay for Harrow (C.R. 601.2f, 601.2h). Once you cast Harrow, Riku's first ability triggers and eventually goes on the stack (C.R. 603.3). Then when that ability resolves, you may pay UR to copy Harrow (C.R. 116.4, 608.2c-d). (Note that copying a spell is not the same as casting it, so that you don't pay that spell's costs again for the copy, for example, sacrificing another land for Harrow [C.R. 706.10].)
In general, an effect that refers to "lands" a player controls or "creatures" a player controls, without more, doesn't care whether those permanents are tapped or untapped (just as an effect that refers to "lands" without more or "creatures" without more doesn't, as in Armageddon); compare Ground Assault with Mana Geyser or Pallimud. For example, if you control two untapped lands and two tapped lands, you control a total of four lands for the purposes of Ground Assault (review C.R. 110.5).
EDIT (Jul. 9, 2019): One rule was renumbered with Core Set 2020.
EDIT (Aug. 3, 2021): Edited.
For your first question: The effects of Swirl the Mists and Whim of Volrath are both text-changing effects and don't depend on each other, so the effects apply in timestamp order ("white" to "red", then "red" to "white"), so that Eight-and-a-Half-Tails now says "white" again on each of its abilities (C.R. 613.1c, 613.6, 613.7; see also this thread).
For your second question: Mind Bend doesn't allow you to change the color chosen for Swirl the Mists, Shifting Sky, or any other permanent, since it's not part of that permanent's text (and neither does Whim of Volrath, by the way, for the same reason) (C.R. 612.1, 612.2; compare both spells with Chromatic Armor) — and neither Swirl the Mists nor Shifting Sky has any color words for Mind Bend (or Whim of Volrath) to replace (C.R. 612.2, 105.1, 105.4; see also this thread).
Since Dominaria, Two-Headed Giant now uses the same rules for determining the defending player as the shared team turns option (C.R. 810.7). Moreover, since Dominaria, creatures can now attack individual players in a team in Two-Headed Giant as in any other game using the shared team turns option (C.R. 810.7, 805.10a-b)
Therefore, where Inkwell Leviathan (in its islandwalk ability [C.R. 702.14c]) or Tromokratis refers to "defending player", it now means the player, or the controller of the planeswalker, being attacked by Inkwell Leviathan or Tromokratis, respectively (C.R. 805.10e) — and this is normally only one player (C.R. 805.10b). See also this thread and this thread.
EDIT: Edited slightly after comment 4 was posted.
EDIT (Jan. 7): Edited.
This combo fails notably becauseNote that Volrath's Shapeshifter's effect giving it "the full text" of a given card (as its Oracle text says [C.R. 108.1]) is a text-changing effect, not a copy effect (C.R. 612.5). (The effect has to be a text-changing effect because its use of the word "your" means it relies on who controls Volrath's Shapeshifter [C.R. 109.5, 613.1b-c, 613.1].) Because it's a text-changing effect, the "full text" acquired this way isn't part of Volrath's Shapeshifter's copiable values and so can't be copied by copy effects such as those found in Body Double or Renegade Doppelganger (C.R. 706.2). And once Protean Hulk is no longer the top card of its controller's graveyard (whether because of a sacrifice [C.R. 701.16a] or otherwise), Volrath's Shapeshifter will have the "full text" of the new top card (if any), rather than the "full text" of Protean Hulk, provided the new top card is a creature card.EDIT: Correctness edit after comment 3 was posted.
EDIT (Jan. 16, 2019): Correctness edit.
Also, dredge is a static ability with a replacement effect (it's not a triggered ability because its expanded text doesn't include "when", "whenever", or "at") (C.R. 604.1, 604.2, 614.1a, 702.51a, 603.1).
1. Players 4 and 5 have multiple opportunities here to cast an instant spell in response to Fumigate before it resolves. Either player can do so when priority passes to that player. And they will eventually get priority to cast an instant spell before any spell or ability (such as Brainstorm, Fumigate, or Golgari Brownscale's first ability) can resolve (C.R. 116.3d, 116.4, 116.1a).
2. Golgari Brownscale's first ability is a triggered ability. Although that ability will trigger when its condition is met, it won't do anything right away (C.R. 603.2); rather, like most other triggered abilities, it goes on the stack and all players can "respond" to it as they can to spells and most activated abilities (C.R. 603.3, 116.7).
3. You can cast Inspiring Call or any other instant spell in response to Fumigate (C.R. 116.7, 116.1a). Assuming you had priority before casting Fumigate, you can even cast Inspiring Call right after you cast Fumigate (C.R. 601.2i, 116.1a) — however, you have to do so without knowing whether an opponent or any other player will cast an instant spell (such as Brainstorm) or activate an ability (such as Tezzeret's Simulacrum's ability) in response to Fumigate or Inspiring Call (C.R. 116.1a-b, 116.7). That's because if you pass right after casting Fumigate, then every other player can decide to pass as well, resulting in Fumigate resolving and thus leaving the stack (C.R. 116.4, 116.3d; C.R. 608.2, especially 608.2k). See also this thread and this thread.
EDIT (Jan. 22): Corrected rule citations.
- Pestilence is on the battlefield and you control three creatures: Creature A, Creature B, and Creature C.
- You cast Harm's Way targeting your opponent.
- All players pass, then Harm's Way resolves. You choose Pestilence as the source for Harm's Way.
- Pestilence's second ability is activated.
- All players pass, then the Pestilence ability resolves. Pestilence would deal 1 damage to "each creature and each player". However, exactly 2 damage (or as much as possible) from Pestilence that would be dealt to you and/or the creatures you control is dealt to your opponent, but you choose how that damage is "redirected" this way (C.R. 616.1). For example, you can choose, among other possibilities, that—
- – 1 damage that Pestilence would each deal to you and to Creature A,
- – 1 damage that Pestilence would each deal to Creature A and to Creature B, or
- – 1 damage that Pestilence would each deal to you and to Creature C,
- is dealt instead to your opponent. However, you can't choose, for example, that all the damage Pestilence would deal to Creatures A, B, and C is dealt to your opponent instead.
EDIT (Sep. 9): Correctness edit.- whether the 1 damage Pestilence would deal to you is dealt to the target instead, and
- for each creature you control, whether the 1 damage Pestilence would deal to that creature is dealt to the target instead,
but exactly 2 damage if possible, and not more than 2, has to be dealt instead to the target this way (see also C.R. 615.7, which applies to prevention effects).EDIT (Feb. 13): Edited.
You can cast Expansion right after you cast Lightning Strike (C.R. 601.2i, 116.1a, 708.3). However, you have to do so without knowing whether an opponent or any other player will cast an instant spell (including, say, Cancel) or activate an ability in response to Lightning Strike or Expansion (C.R. 116.1a-b, 116.7). That's because if you pass right after casting Lightning Strike, then every other player can decide to pass as well, resulting in Lightning Strike resolving and thus leaving the stack (C.R. 116.4, 116.3d; C.R. 608.2, especially 608.2k). See also this thread and this thread.
However, the same creature can't be sacrificed more than once — sacrificing a creature sends it to the graveyard (C.R. 701.16a). Moreover, you can't satisfy the costs of more than one ability (for example, the abilities of two different Nantuko Husks) by sacrificing just one creature (C.R. 117.10; see also C.R. 117.3). Even so, the creature returned to the battlefield with the ability granted by Supernatural Stamina will be different from the one that left as far as the game is concerned (C.R. 400.7), so that—
EDIT (Jul. 9, 2019): One rule was renumbered with Core Set 2020.
EDIT (Aug. 3, 2021): Edited.
For your second question: Mind Bend doesn't allow you to change the color chosen for Swirl the Mists, Shifting Sky, or any other permanent, since it's not part of that permanent's text (and neither does Whim of Volrath, by the way, for the same reason) (C.R. 612.1, 612.2; compare both spells with Chromatic Armor) — and neither Swirl the Mists nor Shifting Sky has any color words for Mind Bend (or Whim of Volrath) to replace (C.R. 612.2, 105.1, 105.4; see also this thread).
EDIT (Mar. 10): Edited.
EDIT (Jun. 6): Add rule citations.
Therefore, where Inkwell Leviathan (in its islandwalk ability [C.R. 702.14c]) or Tromokratis refers to "defending player", it now means the player, or the controller of the planeswalker, being attacked by Inkwell Leviathan or Tromokratis, respectively (C.R. 805.10e) — and this is normally only one player (C.R. 805.10b). See also this thread and this thread.
EDIT: Edited slightly after comment 4 was posted.
EDIT (Jan. 7): Edited.