It'd be easier to answer you if you were more precise about the exact cards involved and how things happened, but I can give you some general lines.
When a permanent changes zones, like it if "flickers" (leaves the battlefield then comes back), it becomes a new object with no memory of its past existence on the battlefield. So if it was previsouly goaded by an effect such as Disrupt Decorum's, which is applied only to the creatures that exist as it resolves, it's no longer affected. Now, if you use something like Ghostly Flicker *in response* to Disrupt Decorum, the creature leaves and comes back before the Decorum resolves, so it's there to be affected when it resolves, so that's useless as to stopping the goading. *But*, if the goad effect is something that targets (note that something doesn't target unless it uses the word 'target'), like Insufferable Balladeer, since flickering the target in response makes it a new object, the ability fizzles, because its target doesn't exist anymore, the flickered creature is a new object and it isn't that target.
Finally, if what goads is a static ability that constantly checks what it applies to, like Baeloth Barrityl, Entertainer, flickering of course won't help, other than maybe making it so the creature has summoning sickness and can't attack for a turn.
Yes, this indeed works since the costs to activate an ability can be paid in any order, you can first tap and then untap the Fountain to activate its ability.
I can't find a rule that states the "as though it had flash" construct is treated special, except for the barrage of exception procedures that start after rule 601.3 that make the permissions work. (You know, the ones about letting the permission of literally having flash function as the card moves around and makes different effects not apply to it.)
"as though" has a generic definition, flash is defined as a keyword, and nothing is written about the other at either of those sites.
609.4. Some effects state that a player may do something “as though” some condition were true or a creature can do something “as though” some condition were true. This applies only to the stated effect. For purposes of that effect, treat the game exactly as if the stated condition were true. For all other purposes, treat the game normally.
My conclusion from reading is that, since the spell may be cast if it has flash, and we can cast spells as though it had flash, then we can cast it.
But I admit the rules are not as clear as I'd like on the "as though they had flash" clause. Asking rules manager Jess Dunks (https://twitter.com/Dunkatog) might be worth it.
Quote from Av3no »
What about a similar case with flying creatures, Errant and Giada let me cast them from the top of the deck and Emergence Zone gives me the option to cast them as they had flash.
Can I cast a flying creature (without flash) as they had flash on my opponent turn with this interaction?
That one assuredly works; you can cast it from your library because it has flying, and you can cast it as though it had flash because of Emergence Zone.
Unfortunately no. Having the permission to cast spells "as though they had flash" means "anytime you have priority" or "anytime you could cast an instant", it doesn't actually grant anything the Flash keyword ability, and that actual keyword ability is what Errant and Giada are looking for.
1) No, Soundwave doesn't convert unless you cast the copy, because of the placement of the "if you do" clause.
2) You'll be able to exile and copy multiple cards, but Soundwave will only convert once from those multiple Sonic Spy triggers, because of this rule :
701.28f. If an activated or triggered ability of a permanent that isn't a delayed triggered ability of that permanent tries to transform it, the permanent does so only if it hasn't transformed or converted since the ability was put onto the stack. If a delayed triggered ability of a permanent tries to transform that permanent, the permanent does so only if it hasn't transformed or converted since that delayed triggered ability was created. In both cases, if the permanent has already transformed or converted, an instruction to do either is ignored.
However, what will happen is that Sonic Spy will convert into Superior Captain from the first Sonic Spy trigger to resolve, and then if you also cast a spell with the second Sonic Spy trigger to resolve, since Soundwave is now Superior Captain, it will trigger one of the two abilities of Superior Captain and convert it back. The converting stops there for what results of this one combat damage step, though; if there are still other Sonic Spy triggers waiting to resolve, those still can't convert Soundwave because of 701.28f.
A regeneration replacement effect would tap Emmara and trigger her token-making ability if she would be destroyed; giving her -2/-2, however, while it causes her to die for having 0 toughness, does not destroy her, and regeneration doesn't apply. 'Destroy' is specific keyword action and it's not synonymous with dying, it happens only because of lethal marked damage and effects that use the actual word. And regeneration can only apply to destruction.
Tokens *can* be returned to hand, it's just that they cease to exist as a state-based action afterwards. Something like Azorius Aethermage would trigger.
You're correct. Once a spell or ability starts resolving, no player gets priority to respond between its effects. They can remove graveyards before Breach the Multiverse resolves, but they can't stop you from picking creatures from the cards that it mills as it resolves, unless the cards never reach the graveyard because of Leyline of the Void or something similar.
No matter if Spore Frog's effect is created before or after the Leyline enters the battlefield, it won't work at the time the damage is applied if the Leyline is still there, because damage can't be prevented. Conversely, if the Leyline gets removed before the damage is applied, the prevention effect will work, no matter when it was created. The Leyline doesn't stop the prevention shield from being created or remove it, it just makes it so it doesn't work.
Even though it is not Firkraag himself that is doing the targeting, but rather a triggered ability?
702.16b. A permanent or player with protection can't be targeted by spells with the stated quality and can't be targeted by abilities from a source with the stated quality.
While an ability on the stack technically has no color itself, protection cares about the color of its source.
You can do what you describe. Players get priority between spells and abilities resolving. After the Petition copy resolves, you get an opportunity to respond to the original Petition still on the stack.
The ability triggers for each creature that attacks an opponent of the Lich's controller, and it's the defending player, the one who's getting attacked, who loses the life.
For any such effect where you don't pay mana to cast it, X is always 0, and you can't pay any sort of alternative costs like Kicker.
Kicker is an additional cost, not an alternative one. You can pay additional costs like kicker when you cast a spell without paying its mana cost (you do have to actually pay that cost though, the card's mana cost is only what's printed in the upper corner of the card and it's all that the "without paying" covers). An example of an alternative cost would be dash. You can't choose to cast a creature for its dash cost if you're casting it via an effect that tells you to cast it without paying its mana cost. "Without paying its mana cost" is itself an alternative cost, and only one of those can be applied to a given cast, here the one from the effect that allows you to cast the card.
When a permanent changes zones, like it if "flickers" (leaves the battlefield then comes back), it becomes a new object with no memory of its past existence on the battlefield. So if it was previsouly goaded by an effect such as Disrupt Decorum's, which is applied only to the creatures that exist as it resolves, it's no longer affected. Now, if you use something like Ghostly Flicker *in response* to Disrupt Decorum, the creature leaves and comes back before the Decorum resolves, so it's there to be affected when it resolves, so that's useless as to stopping the goading. *But*, if the goad effect is something that targets (note that something doesn't target unless it uses the word 'target'), like Insufferable Balladeer, since flickering the target in response makes it a new object, the ability fizzles, because its target doesn't exist anymore, the flickered creature is a new object and it isn't that target.
Finally, if what goads is a static ability that constantly checks what it applies to, like Baeloth Barrityl, Entertainer, flickering of course won't help, other than maybe making it so the creature has summoning sickness and can't attack for a turn.
https://www.facebook.com/groups/MTGAskTheJudge/posts/2145299878992493/
https://www.reddit.com/r/magicTCG/comments/12q10ac/errant_and_giada_raff_capashen_interaction/
https://twitter.com/SaffronOlive/status/1641508398578425895?lang=fr
But I admit the rules are not as clear as I'd like on the "as though they had flash" clause. Asking rules manager Jess Dunks (https://twitter.com/Dunkatog) might be worth it.
That one assuredly works; you can cast it from your library because it has flying, and you can cast it as though it had flash because of Emergence Zone.
2) You'll be able to exile and copy multiple cards, but Soundwave will only convert once from those multiple Sonic Spy triggers, because of this rule : However, what will happen is that Sonic Spy will convert into Superior Captain from the first Sonic Spy trigger to resolve, and then if you also cast a spell with the second Sonic Spy trigger to resolve, since Soundwave is now Superior Captain, it will trigger one of the two abilities of Superior Captain and convert it back. The converting stops there for what results of this one combat damage step, though; if there are still other Sonic Spy triggers waiting to resolve, those still can't convert Soundwave because of 701.28f.