Assuming you control Consecrated Sphinx and your opponent controls Alms Collector:
Yes; this loop (which starts with an opponent drawing a card) contains an optional action, "you may draw two cards" (C.R. 603.5). Thus, in general, if your opponent draws one card, you may allow yourself and that opponent each to draw the same number of additional cards (not necessarily one each). See also this thread.
Consecrated Sphinx
I presume the cycle repeats till the controller of Sphinx decided to stop?
Shu Yun, the Silent Tempest WUR Voltron Control
Temmet, Vizier of Naktamun WU Unblockable Mirror Trickery
Ra's al Ghul (Sidar Kondo) and Face-Down Ninjas
Brudiclad, Token Engineer
Vaevictis (VV2) the Dire Lantern
Rona, Disciple of Gix
Tiana the Auror
Hallar
Ulrich the Politician
Zur the Rebel
Scorpion, Locust, Scarab, Egyptian Gods
O-Kagachi, Mathas, Mairsil
"Non-Tribal" Tribal Generals, Eggs
Yes; this loop (which starts with an opponent drawing a card) contains an optional action, "you may draw two cards" (C.R. 603.5). Thus, in general, if your opponent draws one card, you may allow yourself and that opponent each to draw the same number of additional cards (not necessarily one each). See also this thread.
EDIT (Mar. 30): Clarification.
Shu Yun, the Silent Tempest WUR Voltron Control
Temmet, Vizier of Naktamun WU Unblockable Mirror Trickery
Ra's al Ghul (Sidar Kondo) and Face-Down Ninjas
Brudiclad, Token Engineer
Vaevictis (VV2) the Dire Lantern
Rona, Disciple of Gix
Tiana the Auror
Hallar
Ulrich the Politician
Zur the Rebel
Scorpion, Locust, Scarab, Egyptian Gods
O-Kagachi, Mathas, Mairsil
"Non-Tribal" Tribal Generals, Eggs