Garth One-Eye creates copies of certain cards. Where do these copies go? Like, do they just hang out in some out-of-game zone, or can they be interacted with using something like Thoughtseize? If a card like Timetwister makes you shuffle your hand into your library, do the copies get shuffled in too?
A copy of a card that is cast with Garth One-Eye is cast from outside the game (C.R. 707.13). Once cast, the copy is like any other copy of a card and like any other spell (C.R. 112.1b). For example:
If the spell cast this way resolves and is a permanent spell, it enters the battlefield (C.R. 608.3). (It will enter as a token if the game understands a "copy of a permanent spell" to include permanent spells that are copies of cards [C.R. 608.3b].)
If the spell cast this way resolves and is a nonpermanent spell, it goes to the graveyard and ceases to exist soon afterward (C.R. 608.2m, 117.3b, 117.5, 704.5e).
If the spell ends up in a zone other than the stack or the battlefield, it ceases to exist as a state-based action (C.R. 704.5e).
Thus, the copy of the card won't be in a player's hand or graveyard long enough for Timetwister or Thoughtseize to notice it, especially because for either spell, all players have to pass in a row for the spell to resolve but state-based actions have to be checked as players would get priority (C.R. 117.4, 117.3d, 117.5, 704.5e).
So the copies can only be cast for the duration of the turn that they were made? I thought they lingered indefinitely until cast.
Once you create a copy of a card with Garth, you can cast that copy only right after you create it, and not later. The effect "You may cast the copy" doesn't specify a duration (not even "this turn"), so you cast the copy this way while the ability is resolving, which is a moment that spells normally can't be cast, not even instant spells (C.R. 117.1a, 608.2g). See also this thread and this thread.
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GWUBRDraft my Old Border Nostalgia Cube! and/or The Little Pauper Cube That Could!RBUWG
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Thus, the copy of the card won't be in a player's hand or graveyard long enough for Timetwister or Thoughtseize to notice it, especially because for either spell, all players have to pass in a row for the spell to resolve but state-based actions have to be checked as players would get priority (C.R. 117.4, 117.3d, 117.5, 704.5e).
GWUBRDraft my Old Border Nostalgia Cube! and/or The Little Pauper Cube That Could!RBUWG
Modern:WDeath & TaxesW | RUGRUG DelverRUG