I attack with Academy Rector. One of my opponents double blocks it with a 2/2 and a 2/2 with wither. Another opponent resolves a Debt of Loyalty target Academy Rector.
Who can/does control my Academy Rector when it dies? A certain rule states that if multiple state based actions would have the same result, a single replacement effect replaces them all. How, if at all, does that affect this scenario?
Debt of Loyalty has no effect on this scenario. Academy Rector dies under your control, so you get its ability.
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Debt of Loyalty reads: "Regenerate target creature. You gain control of that creature if it regenerates this way."
701.13a. If the effect of a resolving spell or ability regenerates a permanent, it creates a replacement effect that protects the permanent the next time it would be destroyed this turn. In this case, "Regenerate [permanent]" means "The next time [permanent] would be destroyed this turn, instead remove all damage marked on it and tap it. If it's an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat."
701.13c. Neither activating an ability that creates a regeneration shield nor casting a spell that creates a regeneration shield is the same as regenerating a permanent. Effects that say that a permanent can't be regenerated don't preclude such abilities from being activated or such spells from being cast; rather, they cause regeneration shields to not be applied.
So, just casting Debt doesn't give control of the creature; it needs to regenerate, which only happens if it would be destroyed.
Now, the state-based action about lethal damage reads:
704.5g. If a creature has toughness greater than 0, and the total damage marked on it is greater than or equal to its toughness, that creature has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed. Regeneration can replace this event.
It doesn't apply here, because of the blocker with Wither. Only this one:
704.5f. If a creature has toughness 0 or less, it's put into its owner's graveyard. Regeneration can't replace this event.
So the Rector is put on your graveyard without being destroyed, and Debt doesn't regenerate it. Your opponent never gains control of it.
Ahh, so I misread 704.5g. Creatures with 0 toughness are not destroyed by damage, therefore 704.5f and 704.5g can never both apply to the same permanent. Okay thank you!
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Who can/does control my Academy Rector when it dies? A certain rule states that if multiple state based actions would have the same result, a single replacement effect replaces them all. How, if at all, does that affect this scenario?
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Debt of Loyalty reads: "Regenerate target creature. You gain control of that creature if it regenerates this way."
701.13a. If the effect of a resolving spell or ability regenerates a permanent, it creates a replacement effect that protects the permanent the next time it would be destroyed this turn. In this case, "Regenerate [permanent]" means "The next time [permanent] would be destroyed this turn, instead remove all damage marked on it and tap it. If it's an attacking or blocking creature, remove it from combat."
701.13c. Neither activating an ability that creates a regeneration shield nor casting a spell that creates a regeneration shield is the same as regenerating a permanent. Effects that say that a permanent can't be regenerated don't preclude such abilities from being activated or such spells from being cast; rather, they cause regeneration shields to not be applied.
So, just casting Debt doesn't give control of the creature; it needs to regenerate, which only happens if it would be destroyed.
Now, the state-based action about lethal damage reads:
704.5g. If a creature has toughness greater than 0, and the total damage marked on it is greater than or equal to its toughness, that creature has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed. Regeneration can replace this event.
It doesn't apply here, because of the blocker with Wither. Only this one:
704.5f. If a creature has toughness 0 or less, it's put into its owner's graveyard. Regeneration can't replace this event.
So the Rector is put on your graveyard without being destroyed, and Debt doesn't regenerate it. Your opponent never gains control of it.